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Landforms & geology Look for hills, valleys, rocks, and clues left by glaciers. A topographic map uses contour lines to show the shape of the land.
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Official local sample of USGS 1:24,000 surficial geology, with the original geology legend. MassGIS / Commonwealth of Massachusetts Image source ↗ Enlarge this map physical Surficial geology — clues left by glaciers statewide · 2000s
Study the sand, gravel, and other materials near the ground surface.
A question to investigate Where might moving ice have left different materials?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Open the interactive map ↗ Official statewide lidar-derived digital elevation model and shaded-relief sample. MassGIS / Commonwealth of Massachusetts Image source ↗ Enlarge this map physical Hills, valleys, and terrain statewide · 2000s
A shaded relief layer makes high and low land easier to spot.
A question to investigate How does western Massachusetts look different from Cape Cod?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Open the interactive map ↗ Official historic coastal topographic sample showing New Bedford and Fairhaven. MassGIS / U.S. Geological Survey Image source ↗ Enlarge this map historical Historic coastal topographic maps statewide · 1900s
Explore older coastal maps alongside present-day map layers.
A question to investigate What has changed along the same shoreline?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Explore the official source ↗ Summer-use sheet of the Mount Greylock State Reservation and Greylock Glen trail map, 2019 (PDF page 1). Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation Image source ↗ Enlarge this map physical Mount Greylock trail map regional · 2000s
Follow trails and elevation clues around Massachusetts’ highest mountain.
A question to investigate Which route climbs most directly toward the summit?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Explore the official source ↗ Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USGS 1986 topographic map at 1:100,000. U.S. Geological Survey Image source ↗ Enlarge this map historical Martha’s Vineyard USGS topographic map Vineyard · 1900s
Read contour lines, settlements, roads, and water on an island topographic map.
A question to investigate Where are the hills and where is the land flatter?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Explore the official source ↗ Geological map of Massachusetts — [1832] Boston Public Library / Norman B. Leventhal Map & Education Center; Hitchcock, Edward, 1793-1864 Image source ↗ Enlarge this map physical Geological map of Massachusetts statewide · 1800s
Compare colored rock regions in a nineteenth-century geology map.
A question to investigate Do rock boundaries follow town boundaries?
Dig deeper · grades 6–8 Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.
Explore the official source ↗ Map collection USGS topoView Choose a Massachusetts location and compare topographic map editions.
What changed between the oldest and newest editions?
Open the official map resource ↗ Show 12 more Sources checked September 23, 2026. Open the source for current programs, hours, access, and map updates. Historical maps may contain outdated language or incomplete representations of Native homelands.